Concrete & Masonry Master Guide
The authoritative engineering index for residential concrete placement, footings, cinder block masonry, and structural mix ratios.
Concrete & Masonry Interactive Tools
Cubic Yard Calculator
Calculate total cubic yardage and ready-mix batch truck loads for concrete slabs, footings, driveways, and patio pads.
Concrete Block Calculator
Estimate 8x8x16 cinder blocks, mortar bags, vertical rebar, and core-fill grout for retaining walls and foundations.
Post Hole Concrete Calculator
Calculate 50lb, 60lb, and 80lb premixed concrete bags needed for fence post holes, deck footings, and mailbox anchors.
Concrete Slab Engineering Cross-Section
Visual breakdown of a standard 4,000 PSI residential slab showing subgrade excavation, compacted stone base rock, vapor barrier placement, and rebar reinforcement grid.
Standard Concrete Mix PSI Specifications
| Application | Recommended PSI | Water-Cement Ratio | Min Cure Time |
|---|---|---|---|
| Footings & Trench Foundations | 3,000 PSI | 0.50 | 28 Days |
| Residential Patios & Sidewalks | 3,500 PSI | 0.45 | 7 Days (Walk) |
| Vehicle Driveways & Garage Slabs | 4,000 PSI | 0.40 | 14 Days (Drive) |
Frequently Asked Concrete & Masonry Questions
How many cubic yards are in a standard concrete truck?
Standard commercial ready-mix concrete trucks hold 9 to 10 cubic yards of concrete when fully loaded. For small residential orders under 4 yards, suppliers typically charge a short-load fee of $150 to $350.
What concrete PSI strength should I use for a driveway vs a patio?
A standard patio or walkway requires 3,000 PSI concrete. Residential driveways, vehicle parking pads, and heavy garage floors require 4,000 PSI concrete with air entrainment in cold climates to prevent winter freeze-thaw spalling.
How much mortar do I need for 100 concrete blocks?
As a trade rule of thumb, 1 bag of 70lb masonry cement (or ready-mix mortar) lays approximately 30 standard 8x8x16 inch concrete blocks with a 3/8-inch joint. For 100 blocks, order 3.5 to 4 bags of mortar.